Epic meaning vcu9/6/2023 ![]() Place matters to health because of how the physical and social environment affect us. ![]() In a knowledge economy, education opens doors to economic opportunity and gives people the resources to pay medical bills, purchase nutritious foods, and live in healthy neighborhoods. Chief among these is socioeconomic status (e.g., education, income). Upstream factors determine downstream conditions for good health. It is difficult to eat fresh produce if it is not sold at local stores, to walk to work without a pedestrian route, or to have a colonoscopy without access to a gastroenterologist. People can make only those choices available to them. Health behaviors (e.g., smoking, physical inactivity) are major factors, but behaviors are shaped by living conditions, not just personal choice. 7 Health care is necessary but not sufficient to improve health, because the strongest influences on health are outside the clinic. 6 The explanation for why countries that spend less on health care have better health outcomes is obvious: health is about more than health care.Īccess to health care, albeit essential, accounts for only 10%–20% of the variation in premature mortality. has vastly outspent other countries on health care. health disadvantage is not for lack of spending on health care for many years, the U.S. Other high-income countries have better birth outcomes, a lower prevalence of teen pregnancies, and lower mortality rates for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and many other conditions. ![]() This trend is uniquely American lifespans in most high-income countries continue to climb. life expectancy peaked in 2014 and has been decreasing for three consecutive years, 3, 4 a trend not seen since the influenza pandemic a century ago. life expectancy had fallen below the average for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development nations. life expectancy began to lose pace with peer countries. However, beginning in the 1980s, advances in U.S. ![]() For the past century, life expectancy in industrialized countries has increased, and the U.S. ![]()
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